Displaced Communities
Baltic Germans (over 150,000
displaced by Hitler and Stalin)
Germans of Yugoslavia
(over 200,000 expelled, imprisoned, displaced, emigrated, 98.5%
total)
Volga Germans (over 400,000 expelled
by Soviets to Kazakhstan)
Dutch Germans (3,691 expelled,
15% of German population)
Alsace-Lorraine Germans of France
(100-200,000 expelled after WWI)
Germans of Czechoslovakia
(over 3,000,000 expelled
and displaced, 95% total)
Germans of Hungary
(over 100,000 expelled, over
300,000 displaced, 88% total)
Germans of Romania
(over 700,000 or 91.5% displaced by Hitler, the USSR, &
mass emigration)
Germans of Poland, Prussia, Silesia
(over 5,000,000 expelled and displaced, nearly 100%) COMING
SOON
Germans of Russia/USSR/Ukraine
(nearly 1,000,000 to Germany and Kazakhstan) COMING
SOON
German-Americans in
US Internment Camps
(tens of thousands jailed
and blacklisted) COMING SOON
Other Information
Commemoration of German expellees
ignored by the German, Czech, and Polish governments
Ethnic bias and nationalist revisionism
among scholars as a cause of forgetting
The problem of classifying German
expellees as a 'genocide'
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______________________________________________________________
General Expellee Organisations
Recommended books and academic resources
Sudeten/Czechoslovak
German Expellee Groups
Prussian/Silesian/Polish
German Expellee Groups
Baltic
German Expellee Groups
Banat/Yugoslav/Danube
Swabian Expellee Groups
Volga German/Russian German Expellee Groups
Transylvania
Saxon/Romanian German Expellee Groups
______________________________________________________________
General Expellee Organisations and Links
Zentrum gegen Vertreibungen (Centre Against Expulsions, auf Deutsch and in English)
Bund der Vertriebenen (auf Deutsch)
Verein für Deutsche Kulturbeziehungen im Ausland (Association for German Cultural Relations Abroad)
Prussian Trust/Preußische Treuhand (auf Deutsch and in English)
Die-ostgebiete.de (a reseller of books and products from eastern German history)
Preußischer-Mediensdienst (a German expellee history books reseller)
European Heritage Library -- many articles with attention to genocide against Germans, Tatars, Ingush, Chechens
The
Forgotten Genocide (for sale on DVD), a groundbreaking
academic conference in February of 2010 attended by hundreds
of scholars, diplomats, and survivors, including the Institute
for Research of Expelled Germans
Recommended books and academic resources
International Tracing Service - an official German government database to track down displaced families of World War II, including Germans, Jews, and other affected peoples
Demshuka, Andrew. "Citizens in Name Only: The National Status of German Expellees, 1945-53." University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. ~ an excellent analysis of the overall effects of the expulsions on German society and the difficulty of integration.
Publications of Alfred de Zayas, a prominent human rights scholar considering the German expulsions genocide
De Zayas, Alfred. 2004. “The Expulsion: a crime against humanity.” http://www.meaus.com/expulsion-by-czechs-1945.htm
De Zayas, Alfred. Nemesis at Potsdam: the Anglo-Americans and the Expulsion of the Germans: Background, Execution, Consequences. London: Taylor & Francis, 1979.
Grass, Günter. Im Krebsgang (The Crabwalk, or In Retrogression). ~ a ground-breaking work discussing the expulsion of Germans as a taboo topic of German and general historical memory. Also included is a polemical discussion of the Soviets' sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff, in which over 9,000 civilians and several thousand children were killed during escape.
Tannehill, Evelyne. Abandoned and Forgotten: An Orphan Girl's Tale of Survival During World War II.
Walter, Elizabeth. Barefoot in the Rubble. (written by a survivor)
Blanke, Richard. Orphans of Versailles: the Germans in Western Poland, 1918-1939. Louisville, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1993. ~ excellently meticulous analysis of the story of a forgotten minourity in Poland, as well as the process of their independent gravitation towards National Socialism prior to Germany's invasion
Püschel, Rudolf. Anfang und Ende einer deutsch-böhmischen Heimat. Ready-For-Print Publications. (written by a survivor)
Püschel, Rudolf. Expulsion from Czechoslovakia 1945/46. Ready-For-Print Publications. (written by a survivor)
Prokle, Herbert. Genocide of the ethnic Germans in Yugoslavia, 1944-1948. Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung, 2003.
Brown, MacAlister. "The Diplomacy of Bitterness: Genesis of the Potsdam Decision to Expel Germans from Czechoslovakia." The Western Political Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 3 (Sep., 1958): 607-626.
Piotrowski, Tadeusz. Poland's Holocaust: Ethnic Strife, Collaboration with Occupying Forces and Genocide in the Second Republic, 1918-1947. Jefferson, NC: McFarland Press, 2007. ~ an excellent analysis of the inter-ethnic brutality and collaboration with invaders that equally occurred among Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, and Jews alike in the occupation.
Ziemer, Gerhard. Deutscher Exodus: Vertreibung und Eingliederung von 15 Millionen Ostdeutschen. Stuttgart: Seewald Verlag, 1973.
Lumans, Valdis. Himmler's Auxiliaries: the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
Janjetović, Zoran. Between Hitler and Tito: The Disappearance of the Vojvodina Germans. S.N., 2005.
Wildmann, Georg. Verbrechen an den Deutschen in Jugoslawien 1944-1948: die Stationen eines Völkermords. München: Donauschwäbisches Archiv/Arbeitskreis Dokumentation, 1998.
Owen, Luisa Lang. Casualty of War: A Childhood Remembered. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, 2003.
Wolff, Stefan. German Minorities in Europe: Ethnic Identity and Cultural Belonging. New York: Berghahn Books, 2002.
Pohl, Otto. Ethnic Cleansings in the USSR 1937-1949. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1999.
Pittman, Avril. From Ostpolitik to Reunification: West German-Soviet Political Relations Since 1974. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
Giesinger,
Adam. From Catherine to Khrushchev: the story of Russia's
Germans. Ann Arbor, MI:
University of Michigan, 1974.
Sheehy, Ann. The Crimean Tatars, Volga Germans and Meskhetians: Soviet Treatment of some National Minorities. London: Minority Rights Group, 1973.
Schechtman, Joseph B. European Population Transfers, 1939-1945. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971
Wixman, Ronald. Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. M.E. Sharpe, 1984.
Ahonen, Pertti. 2004. After the Expulsion: West Germany and Eastern Europe 1945-1990. New York, NY: Oxford Univ Press.
Blacksell, Mark, and Karl Martin Born. “Private Property Restitution: The Geographical Consequences of Official Government Policies in Central and Eastern Europe.” The Geographic Journal, Vol. 168, No. 2 (2002): 178-190.
Burleigh, Michael. The Third Reich: A New History. Hill and Wang, 2001.
Naimark, Norman A. Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in XX Century Europe. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Grau, Karl Friedrich. Silesian Inferno: War Crimes of the Red Army on its March into Silesia in 1945. Valley Forge, PA: Landpost Press, 1992.
Marrus,
Michael Robert. The Unwanted: European Refugees from the
First World War through the Cold War.
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2002.
"The expulsion of the 'German' communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War." Published for the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, 2004.
Ondřej Matějka's Lost Sudetenland / Zmizelé Sudety.
Glassheim, Eagle. "National Mythologies and Ethnic Cleansing: The Expulsion of Czechoslovak Germans in 1945." Central European History, Vol. 33, No. 4 (2000): 463-486.
Eberhardt, Piotr and Owsinski, Jan. Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in 20th century Central-Eastern Europe. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2003.
Marrus,
Michael Robert. The Unwanted: European Refugees from the
First World War through the Cold War.
Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2002.
"The expulsion of the 'German' communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War." Published for the European University Institute, Florence, Italy, 2004.
Haug, Werner and Courbage, Youssef. The Demographic Characteristics of National Minorities in Certain European States. Council of Europe, 1998.
Sudeten/Czechoslovak German Expellee Groups
Karpatendeutsche.de (Carpathian German Association)
Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft (Sudeten German Community in Germany)
Antikomplex - a Czech organisation bringing awareness to the Sudeten Germans
Sudetendeutsches Büro Prag (Sudeten German Bureau in Prague) - click here.
Sudetendeutsche Jugend (Sudeten German Youth) - click here.
Museum of Carpathian German Culture (in Slovak and German) - click here.
Deutscher Böhmerwaldbund - click here.
Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft in Bayern (Sudeten German Community in Bavaria) - click here.
Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft in Österreich (Sudeten German Community in Austria) - click here.
Rudolf-Püschel.com, a survivor, writer, and researcher expelled from Czechoslovakia - click here.
Prussian/Silesian/Polish German Expellee Groups
Links
coming soon (Links werden bald gefügt)
Deutsche-Baltische Gesellschaft (the German Baltic Society)- click here.
Association of the Baltic Noble Corporations- click here.
Deutschbaltischer Jugend- und Studentenring (Baltic German Youth and Student Group)- click here.
Deutschbaltische Kulturstiftung - click here.
Deutschbaltische Landsmannschaft in Bayern (Baltic German Community in Bavaria) - click here.
Banat/Yugoslav/Danube Swabian Expellee Groups
Landesverband der Donauschwaben, USA (Association of the Danube Swabians in USA, English and German)- click here.
Gesellschaft für Serbisch-Deutsche Zusammenarbeit (Society for Serbian-German Cooperation) - click here.
Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben (Community of Banat Swabians in Bavaria) - click here.
Kroatisch-Österreichische Gesellschaft/ Hrvatsko-Austrijsko Društvo - click here.
Deutscher Verein ,,Kikinda" in Croatia - click here.
Heimatsortgemeinschaft Tscheb (Hometown Community of Tscheb, for Danube Swabians in general) - click here.
Danube Cultural Society (English) - click here.
Donauschwaben Villages Helping Hands Homepage - remembering our Donauschwaben ancestors - click here.
Austrian Culture Forum in Croatia (Austrijski Kulturni Forum) - click here.
Heimatbuch Molidorf, a collection of memoirs about Molin(dorf) in Serbia and its labour camp - click here.
Das Portal der Ungarndeutschen (the Portal to the Hungary Germans) - click here. Huge database of information.
Landsmannschaft der Deutschen aus Ungarn (Community of the Germans from Hungary) - click here.
Landesselbstverwaltung der Ungarndeutschen (Organisation for Self-Government of Hungary Germans) - click here.
Vereinigung Ungarndeutscher Akademiker (Union of Hungary German Academics) - click here.
Ungarndeutsches Sozial- und Kulturwerk (Hungary German Social and Culture Works) - click here.
Ungarndeutsche Bibliothek (Hungary German Library) - click here.
Donauschwaben.hu - an online magazine for Danube Swabians (in Hungarian and German) - click here.
United Donauschwaben [Danube Swabians] of Milwaukee - click here.
Volga German/Russian/Kazakhstani German Expellee Groups
The Center for Volga German Studies at Concordia University - click here.
Volga Germans at webbitt.com - click here.
Germans from Russia Heritage Collection - click here.
American Historical Society of Germans from Russia - click here.
Deutsch-Kasachstanische Assoziation der Unternehmer, the leading representative of Germans expelled to Kazakhstan.
Transylvania Saxon/Romanian German Expellee Groups
Verband der Siebenbürger Sachsen (official Assocation of Transylvania Saxons, in Saxony, Germany) - click here.
Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania (Forumul Democrat al Germanilor din România) - click here.
Siebenbürger Sachsen in Baden-Württemberg (a representative of Saxon emigrants to Germany) - click here.
Evangelical (Lutheran) Academy in Romania for Saxons (Academia Evanghelica Transilvania) - click here.
Siebenbürger-Sächsische Stiftung (Transylvania Saxon Foundation) - click here.
'Sibi-Web', Transylvania Saxons on the Internet (auf Deutsch) - click here.
Siebenbürger-Jugend (Transylvania [Saxon] Youth) - click here.
Siebenbürger Landler (Landler.com, devoted to the Landler Transylvanians) - click here.
Landsmannschaft der Siebenbürger Sachsen in Deutschland (representative in Germany) - click here.
Transylvania Saxons in Köln/Cologne (representing Romania's Germans via the Rheinland) - click here.
Landsmannschaft der Banater Schwaben (Community of Banat Swabians in Bavaria) - click here.
Landsmannschaft der Sathmarer Schwaben (Community of Satu Mare Swabians) - click here.